Compare Montenegro (2006) - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2002)

Compare Montenegro (2006) z South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2002)

	Montenegro (2006)	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2002)

Administrative divisions	21 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Andrijevia, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Plav, Pluzine, Pljevlja, Podgornica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak	-
Agriculture - products	grains, tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheepherding; commercial fishing negligible	-
Airports	5 (2006)	none (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2006)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2006)	-
Area	total: 14,026 sq km land: 13,812 sq km water: 214 sq km	total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of some nine islands
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Connecticut	slightly larger than Rhode Island
Background	The use of the name Montenegro began in the 15th century when the Crnojevic dynasty began to rule the Serbian principality of Zeta; over subsequent centuries it was able to maintain its independence from the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro became a theocratic state ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it was transformed into a secular principality. After World War I, Montenegro was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and, at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, first as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, in a looser union of Serbia and Montenegro. Following a three-year postponement, Montenegro held an independence referendum in the spring of 2006 under rules set by the EU. The vote for severing ties with Serbia exceeded the 55% threshold, allowing Montenegro to formally declare its independence on 3 June 2006.	The islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. The famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. The islands have large bird and seal populations and, recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 NM to 200 NM around each island.
Birth rate	12.6 births/1,000 population (2004)	-
Budget	revenues: NA expenditures: NA	-
Capital	name: Podgorica (administrative capital) geographic coordinates: 42 26 N, 19 16 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: Cetinje (capital city)	-
Climate	Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland	variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow
Coastline	293.5 km	NA km
Constitution	12 October 1992 (was approved by the Assembly)	adopted 3 October 1985
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Montenegro conventional short form: Montenegro local long form: Republika Crna Gora local short form: Crna Gora former: People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro	conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none
Death rate	9.2 deaths/1,000 population (2004)	-
Debt - external	NA	-
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II; Grytviken, formerly a whaling station on South Georgia, is a scientific base
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Miodrag VLAHOVIC	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	ethnic Albanians in Kosovo refuse demarcation of the boundary with Macedonia in accordance with the 2000 Macedonia-Serbia and Montenegro delimitation agreement, which includes a section of boundary with Montenegro	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands occupied briefly by Argentina in 1982; islands continue to be claimed by Argentina
Economic aid - recipient	NA	-
Economy - overview	The republic of Montenegro severed its economy from federal control and from Serbia during the MILOSEVIC era and continues to maintain its own central bank, uses the euro instead of the Yugoslav dinar as official currency, collects customs tariffs, and manages its own budget. The dissolution of the loose political union between Serbia and Montenegro in 2006 led to separate membership in several international financial institutions, such as the IMF, World Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Montenegro is pursuing its own membership in the World Trade Organization as well as negotiating a Stabilization and Association agreement with the European Union in anticipation of eventual membership. Severe unemployment remains a key political and economic problem for this entire region. Montenegro has privatized its large aluminum complex - the dominant industry - as well as most of its financial sector, and has begun to attract foreign direct investment in the tourism sector.	Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting fin fish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly.
Electricity - consumption	NA	NA kWh
Electricity - production	2.864 billion kWh 2.864 billion kWh (2005 est.)	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m
Environment - current issues	pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor	NA
Ethnic groups	Montenegrin 43%, Serbian 32%, Bosniak 8%, Albanian 5%, other (Muslims, Croats, Roma) 12%	-
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8089 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 11 May 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Zeljko STURANOVIC (since 10 November 2006) cabinet: Ministries act as cabinet elections: president elected by direct vote for five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 11 May 2003 (next to be held in 2008); prime minister proposed by president, accepted by Assembly election results: Filip VUJANOVIC elected on the third round; Filip VUJANOVIC 63.3%, Miodrag ZIVKOVIC 30.8%	-
Exports	$171.3 million (2003)	-
Exports - partners	Switzerland 83.9%, Italy 6.1%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.3% (2003)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered	the flag of the UK is used
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: % NA industry: % NA services: % NA	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA	-
Geographic coordinates	42 30 N, 19 18 E	54 30 S, 37 00 W
Geography - note	strategic location along the Adriatic coast	the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 21st century, live on South Georgia
Imports	$601.7 million (2003)	-
Imports - partners	Greece 10.2%, Italy 10.2%, Germany 9.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.2% (2003)	-
Independence	3 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro); note - a referendum on independence was held 21 May 2006	-
Industries	steelmaking, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.4% (2004)	-
International organization participation	CEI, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, ICFTU, ILO, Interpol, IPU, ITU, OSCE, UN, UPU, WHO, WTO (observer)	-
Irrigated land	NA	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Constitutional Court (five judges with nine-year terms); Supreme Court (judges have life tenure)	-
Labor force	259,100 (2004)	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 2% industry: 30% services: 68% (2004)	-
Land boundaries	total: 625 km border countries: Albania 172 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 225 km, Croatia 25 km, Serbia 203 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 13.7% permanent crops: 1% other: 85.3%	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (1998 est.)
Languages	Serbian (Ijekavian dialect - official), Bosnian, Albanian, Croatian	-
Legal system	based on civil law system	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court
Legislative branch	unicameral Assembly (81 seats, elected by direct vote for four-year terms; changed from 74 seats at the time of the elections) elections: last held 10 September 2006 (next to be held 2010) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Coalition for a European Montenegro 41, SNS 12, Coalition SPP/NS/DSS 11, PZP 11, Liberals and Bosniaks 3, Democratic League-Democratic Prosperity 1, Democratic Union of Albanians 1, Albanian Alternative 1	-
Location	Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America
Map references	Europe	Antarctic Region
Maritime claims	NA	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) 9,458 GRT/10,172 DWT by type: cargo 4 registered in other countries: 4 (Bahamas 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2) (2006)	-
Military - note	Montenegrin plans call for the establishment of a fully professional armed forces	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$2.306 billion	-
National holiday	National Day, 13 July	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Montenegrin(s) adjective: Montenegrin	-
Natural hazards	destructive earthquakes	the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism
Natural resources	bauxite, hydroelectricity	fish
Political parties and leaders	Albanian Alternative or AA; Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]; Coalition for a European Montenegro (Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS and Social Democratic Party or SDP) [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Coalition SPP/NS/DSS; Democratic League-Party of Democratic Prosperity [Mehmet BARHDI]; Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS; Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Ferhat DINOSA]; Liberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC]; Movement for Changes or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]; People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Predrag POPOVIC]; Serbian People's Party of Montenegro or SNS [Andrija MANDIC]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]; Social Democratic Party of Montenegro or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Socialist People's Party or SNP [Predrag BULATOVIC]	-
Population	630,548 (2004)	no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	12.2% (2003)	-
Population growth rate	3.5% (2004)	-
Ports and harbors	-	Grytviken
Radio broadcast stations	31 (2004)	0 (2003)
Railways	total: 250 km standard gauge: 250 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 169 km) (2005)	-
Religions	Orthodox, Muslim, Roman Catholic	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites domestic: GSM wireless service, available through two providers with national coverage, is growing rapidly international: country code - 382 (the old code of 381 used by Serbia and Montenegro will also remain in use until Feb 2007); two international switches connect the national system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken
Telephones - main lines in use	177,663 (2005)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	543,220 (2005)	-
Television broadcast stations	13 (2004)	0 (2003)
Terrain	highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus	most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes
Unemployment rate	27.7% (2005)	-
Waterways	-	none

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